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The present paper is dedicated to answer the question on how Islamic values contribute to today's multicultural societies. In this context, Indonesia is a good example with its basic tenets of Indonesian state ideology. I argue that this state ideology is coined by Islamic values, but the Indonesian state does not fully live up to these values, because there is no proper input of Islam. Learning from the Indonesian model, I am sure that Islam is not only fully compatible with democracy and a multicultural society, it is also the religion which, if applied in its true sense, can best deal with multicultural and multi religious societies as was stated in the Bhineka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) principle.

The Arab Middle East / Martin Bunton -- West Africa / David Owusu-Ansah -- East Africa / Valerie J. Hoffman -- Turkey / Markus Dressler -- Iran / Elton L. Daniel -- Central Asia / Devin DeWeese -- Southeast Asia / Nelly van Doorn-Harder -- Europe / John R. Bowen -- The Diaspora in the West / Amir Hussain -- The Quran / Gordon Nickel and Andrew Rippin -- Muhammad / Michael Lecker -- Sunni law / Robert Gleave -- Theology : freewill and predestination / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- Ritual life / Zayn Kassam -- Rites of Passage / Zayn Kassam -- Sufism / Art Buehler -- Shi'ism / William Shepard -- Relations with other religions / David Thomas -- The Arabic language / Mustafa Shah -- Philosophy / Oliver Leaman -- The scientific tradition / George Saliba -- Education / Jeffrey C. Burke -- The transmission of knowledge / Paul L. Heck -- Travel / David Waines -- 'Abd al-Jabbar / Gabriel Said Reynolds -- Na'im al-Mulk / Neguin Yevari -- Al-Ghazali / Frank Griffel -- Ibn 'Arabi / Sajjad H. Rizvi -- Ibn Taymiyya / David Waines -- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi / Zayn Kassam -- Al-Suyti / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- Shah Wali Allah / Marcia Hermansen -- Bedi'zzaman Said Nursi / Zeki Saritoprak -- Sayyid Qutb / William Shepard -- Fazlur Rahman / Earle H. Waugh -- Art / Hussein Keshani -- Architecture / Hussein Keshani -- Material culture / James E. Lindsay -- Military organization and warfare / Niall Christie -- Popular piety and cultural practices / Earle H. Waugh -- Music / Michael Frishkopf -- Cinema / Ganal Danmez-Colin -- Civilization / Akbar Ahmed -- Social change / Ebrahim Moosa -- Secularism / Amila Buturovic -- Public ethics / Amyn B. Sajoo -- Marriage, family, and sexual ethics / Kecia Ali -- Women, gender and human rights / Simonetta Calderini -- Religious minority rights / Christopher Buck

1. The Arab Middle East / Martin Bunton -- 2. West Africa / David Owusu-Ansah -- 3. East Africa / Valerie J. Hoffman -- 4. Turkey / Markus Dressler -- 5. Iran / Elton L. Daniel -- 6. Central Asia / Devin DeWeese -- 7. Southeast Asia / Nelly van Doorn-Harder -- 8. Europe / John R. Bowen -- 9. The Diaspora in the West / Amir Hussain -- 10. The Qu'ran / Gordon Nickel and Andrew Rippin -- 11. Muhammad / Michael Lecker -- 12. Sunni law / Robert Gleave -- 13. Theology : freewill and predestination / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- 14. Ritual life / Zayn Kassam -- 15. Sufism / Art Buehler -- 16. Shi'ism / William Shepard -- 17. The Ibadis / Valerie J. Hoffmann -- 18. Relations with other religions / David Thomas -- 19. The Arabic language / Mustafa Shah -- 20. Philosophy / Oliver Leaman -- 21. The scientific tradition / George Saliba -- 22. Education / Jeffrey C. Burke -- 23. The transmission of knowledge / Paul L. Heck -- 24. Travel / David Waines -- 25. 'Abd al-Jabbar / Gabriel Said Reynolds -- 26. Nazam al-Mulk / Neguin Yevari -- 27. Al-Ghazali / Frank Griffel -- 28. Ibn 'Arabi / Sajjad H. Rizvi -- 29. Ibn Taymiyya / David Waines -- 30. Nasir al-Din al-Tusi / Zayn Kassam -- 31. Al-Suyuti / Suleiman Ali Mourad -- 32. Shah Wali Allah / Marcia Hermansen -- 33. Bediuzzaman Said Nursi / Zeki Saritoprak -- 34. Sayyid Qutb / William Shepard -- 35. Fazlur Rahman / Earle H. Waugh -- 36. Art / Hussein Keshani -- 37. Architecture / Hussein Keshani -- 37. Material culture / James E. Lindsay -- 39. Military organization and warfare / Niall Christie -- 40. Popular piety and cultural practices / Earle H. Waugh -- 41. Music / Michael Frishkopf -- 42. Cinema / Ganal Danmez-Colin -- 43. Civilization / Akbar Ahmed -- 44. Social change / Ebrahim Moosa -- 45. Secularism / Amila Buturovic -- 46. Public ethics / Amyn B. Sajoo -- 47. Marriage, family, and sexual ethics / Kecia Ali -- 48. Women, gender and human rights / Simonetta Calderini -- 49. Religious minority rights / Christopher Buck

Islam is one of the world's major religions, and in ancient times, the Islamic world was one of the world's major societies. This title provides a sweeping look at the important contributions people of the Islamic world made to learning, architecture, trade, the military, and religion. Readers will learn about the "birth" of Islam through the height of Islamic rule, life in the Ottoman Empire, and the culture's decline. Coverage of architecture, education, class structure, trade, and the role of men and women supports elementary social studies curricula. Readers will walk away with an understanding of daily life in the culture, as well as its long-standing legacy

The latest in the series based on the popular History of Philosophy podcast, this volume presents the first full history of philosophy in the Islamic world for a broad readership. It takes an approach unprecedented among introductions to this subject, by providing full coverage of Jewish and Christian thinkers as well as Muslims, and by taking the story of philosophy from its beginnings in the world of early Islam all the way through to the twentieth century. Major figures like Avicenna, Averroes, and Maimonides are covered in great detail, but the book also looks at less familiar thinkers, including women philosophers. Attention is also given to the philosophical relevance of Islamic theology (kalam) and mysticism--the Sufi tradition within Islam, and Kabbalah among Jews--and to science, with chapters on disciplines like optics and astronomy.

1. A brief history of the Islamic world -- 2. Religion, development and democratization -- 3. The Middle East and North Africa : strong states, weak democracies -- 4. The road to democracy in the Islamic world -- 5. Pathways to democratization : Turkey -- 6. Civil Islam : Indonesia -- 7. Islam and democracy.

The purpose of this article is to substantiate Islamic culture and religion as a kind of cardiocentrism. It is no secret that in the educational and research literature, the Slavic, especially Russian and Ukrainian philosophy, represented by P. D. Yurkevich, G. S. Skovoroda, I. A. Ilyin, D. I. Chizhevsky and others, there is a current which might be called cardiophilosophy or "philosophy of the heart". We tried to prove that the Islam is likely more cardiocentric in its doctrine than the Orthodoxy. Special attention is paid to the works of the Central Asian Sufi thinker al-T irmizi, who laid the foundations of Islamic cardiocentrism, where the heart is considered as the core of the entire spiritual and spiritual life of a person. Therefore, the formation of a strong and conscious Islamic faith is associated with the formation of strong "heart nodes of salvation", around which the formation of a holistic spirituality of the individual takes place.

(1) The European lineage of the Muslim BrotherhoodThe International Organization of the Muslim Brotherhood; The Muslim Brotherhood in Spain; Germany: Islamische Gemeinschaft in Deutschland and Islamische Zentren; Being and Becoming a German Muslim Youth: Muslimische Jugend in Deutschland; The Union of Islamic Organisations of France; The Muslim Association of Britain; The Union of Islamic Communities and Organisations (UCOII) and Related Groups in Italy; The European Council for Fatwa and Research and Yusuf al-Qaradawi; (2) Milli Görüş

Muslim Democracy" explores the relationship between politics and religion in forty-seven Muslim-majority countries, focusing especially on those with democratic experience, such as Indonesia and Turkey, and drawing comparisons with their regional, non-Islamic counterparts. Unlike most studies of political Islam, this is a politically-focused book, more concerned with governing realties than ideology. By changing the terms of the debate from theology to politics, and including the full complement of Islamic countries, Schneier shows that the boundaries between church and state in the Islamic world are more variable and diverse than is commonly assumed. Through case studies and statistical comparisons between Muslim majority countries and their regional counterparts, Muslim Democracy shows that countries with different religions but similar histories are not markedly different in their levels of democratization. What many Islamists and western observers call "Islamic law," moreover, is more a political than a religious construct, with religion more the tool than the engine of politics

Es wird der Zugang und der Umgang der Soziologie mit Religion und Weltkultur thematisiert. Argumentiert wird, daß die Soziologie Religion begrifflich als "Phänomen Religion" verformt hat. Als vorbegrifflichtes "Phänomen Religion" ist es selber unmittelbarer Ausdruck einer Verformung soziologischen Denkens. Es sagt so selber mehr über das soziologische Denken aus als über die "Sachen", auf die es sich bezieht; wohl aber wird deren Wahrnehmung nun über die Optik dieses Konstrukts gebrochen. Die Ursache für dieses Vorgehen wird in der fehlenden kulturgeschichtlichen Aufklärung gesehen. Am Beispiel der Debatte um die "Säkularisierungsthese" wird der Umgang der westlichen Religionssoziologie mit Religion verdeutlicht. (GF)

Intro -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1 The 'Islamic World'? -- 2 Structure of the Book -- 3 Reflections -- References -- Part I Conceptual and Comparative Aspects -- 2 Foundations of Social Policy and Welfare in Islam -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Sources of Islamic Teachings -- 3 Principles of Social Policy and Welfare in Islam -- 3.1 Intrinsic Altruism -- 3.2 Religious Brotherhood and Sisterhood -- 3.3 Multi-level Responsibility -- 3.4 Social Rights -- 3.5 Avoidance of Tadawul -- 3.6 Social Balance (Tawazun) and Equality -- 3.7 Social Justice -- 3.8 Undesirability of Poverty -- 3.9 Cooperation -- 4 Policy Instruments for Financing and Providing Social Welfare -- 4.1 Zakat -- 4.2 Khums -- 4.3 Anfal -- 4.4 Kaffarah -- 4.5 Al-Qard Al-Hassan -- 4.6 Waqf -- 4.7 Nazr -- 4.8 Charity -- 4.9 Welfare Through Ethics -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- 3 Social Policy and the Islamic World in Comparative Perspective: Taking Stock, Moving Forward -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Religion -- 3 Social Policy -- 4 Religion and Social Policy -- 5 Judaism -- 6 Christianity -- 7 Hinduism -- 8 Islam -- 9 Implicit and Explicit Forms of Islamic Social Welfare -- 10 "Multiple Islams" -- 10.1 Case Study 1: Social Service Provision by Faith Based Organizations: A Case Study of the Islamic Movement in Kafr Qassim -- 10.2 Case Study 2: Islamic Welfare in the UK Social Policy Context -- 11 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Beneficence and Welfare: Notes for the Comparative Study of "Doing Good" Practices ('amal Khayr) in the Islamic World -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Beneficence: Alongside, Together with, or Against the State? -- 3 Welfare Through the Lens of Everyday Interactions of "Doing Good" -- 4 Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 5 Cash Transfer Programs in MENA from a Child Rights Perspective -- 1 Introduction.